مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس انگیزه سفر	مقیاس ارزش درک شده برای گردشگری
حوزه	مدیریت گردشگری	مدیریت گردشگری
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1979	1988
پدیدآور	Crompton, J. L.; Iso-Ahola, S. E.	Zeithaml, V. A.; Petrick, J. F.
نوع	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 14(4), 55-58.	Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.
نام‌های دیگر	TMS, Tourism Motivation Scale	PVST, Tourism Perceived Value
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	The Travel Motivation Scale (TMS) measures the underlying reasons and psychological drivers that prompt individuals to take vacations and choose specific destinations. Developed by Crompton (1979) and Iso-Ahola (1982), and theoretically grounded in push–pull motivation theory, the TMS operationalizes intrinsic motivations (escape from routine, self-discovery, social connection) and destination-specific attractions (beaches, cultural sites, activities). Understanding travel motivation is central to destination positioning, experience design, and visitor segmentation, as different motivational profiles require different marketing messages and service configurations.	The Perceived Value Scale for Tourism (PVST) measures visitors' judgments of whether tourism experiences deliver fair value—balancing perceived benefits (quality of experience, emotional satisfaction, novelty) against perceived costs (monetary price, time investment, effort). Rooted in Zeithaml's value perception theory (1988) and extended by Petrick (2002) to leisure contexts, the PVST operationalizes value as multidimensional (not price alone), capturing emotional and relative components alongside financial fairness. Value perception is a critical satisfaction driver and predictor of repeat visitation and word-of-mouth, particularly for experiences with high upfront investment and uncertain return.