مقایسهٔ روشها
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| مقیاس تعالی معنوی (STS)× | مقیاس جهتگیری مذهبی کوئست× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانشناسی دین | روانشناسی دین |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1999 | 1976 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Ralph L. Piedmont | Daniel C. Batson & W. Larry Ventis |
| نوع | Self-report | Self-report |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality have a place in personality science? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 3–13. link ↗ | Batson, C. D., & Ventis, W. L. (1982). The Religious Experience: A Social-Psychological Perspective. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195030761. link ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | STS, Spiritual Transcendence | Quest Scale, Religious Quest |
| مرتبط | 4 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | The Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS), developed by Piedmont in 1999, is a 24-item self-report measure of spiritual transcendence: the human capacity to experience connection to something beyond oneself—whether understood as God, nature, humanity, or the sacred. The STS conceptualizes spiritual transcendence as a personality trait distinct from religious adherence or institutional participation, measured through three facets: Prayer Fulfillment (satisfaction from spiritual practices), Universality (sense of interconnection with all people and life), and Connectedness (sense of deep connection to the divine or sacred). The scale has become influential in understanding spirituality as a psychological dimension orthogonal to the Big Five personality traits. | The Quest Scale, developed by Batson and Ventis (1976), is a 12-item self-report measure of a third religious orientation beyond Allport and Ross's intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. The 'quest' orientation reflects an open, questioning approach to religion: someone who views faith as an ongoing journey of exploration and doubt rather than a settled worldview or instrumental tool. High quest scorers embrace existential uncertainty, seek genuine answers to life's deepest questions, and are comfortable with religious doubt and revision. The scale has become important in understanding mature religious development and predicting prosocial behavior, openness, and psychological flexibility. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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