مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Tourism Satellite Account	Tourism CGE Modeling
حوزه	Tourism Economics	Tourism Economics
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سال پیدایش	2008	2004
پدیدآور	UN Statistics Division, Eurostat, OECD & UNWTO	Larry Dwyer, Peter Forsyth & Ray Spurr (tourism application)
نوع	Statistical accounting framework for tourism in the system of national accounts	Economy-wide general-equilibrium simulation model for tourism shocks
منبع بنیادین	United Nations, Eurostat, OECD & UNWTO (2010). Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008 (TSA: RMF 2008). United Nations Statistics Division, Series F No. 80/Rev.1.	Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., & Spurr, R. (2004). Evaluating tourism's economic effects: new and old approaches. Tourism Management, 25(3), 307-317.
نام‌های دیگر	TSA, Tourism Satellite Accounting, Tourism National Accounting Framework, Satellite Account for Tourism	Tourism Computable General Equilibrium, CGE Tourism Impact Model, General Equilibrium Tourism Analysis, Tourism Economy-Wide Modeling
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	A Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is the internationally agreed statistical framework for measuring the economic contribution of tourism in a way that is consistent with, and comparable to, the System of National Accounts. Because tourism is not a single industry but a demand-defined activity that cuts across accommodation, transport, food service, recreation and more, it is invisible in the standard production-based accounts. The TSA solves this by building a 'satellite' set of accounts that confronts tourism demand (what visitors spend) with tourism supply (what industries produce), and from that reconciliation derives headline aggregates such as tourism direct gross value added and tourism direct GDP. The framework was codified in the Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008, jointly issued by the UN Statistics Division, Eurostat, OECD and UNWTO, giving countries a common, comparable basis for tourism statistics.	Tourism computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling simulates how a change in tourism — a surge in inbound visitors, a major event, a new tax, or a demand collapse — ripples through an entire economy when prices, wages, exchange rates, and resources are free to adjust. Unlike input-output analysis, which assumes fixed prices and unlimited supply, a CGE model represents producers, households, government, and the rest of the world as optimising agents linked through markets that must clear. A tourism shock therefore bids up the prices of the resources tourism uses, draws labour and capital away from other sectors, and shifts the exchange rate, so the net economy-wide effect can differ sharply from a naive multiplier. Dwyer, Forsyth and Spurr's 2004 comparison made the influential case that CGE is the preferred technique for evaluating tourism's economic effects when these adjustments matter.