مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پایش دارویی درمانی (TDM)	فارماکوکینتیک جمعیتی
حوزه	فارماکومتریک	فارماکومتریک
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1988	1977
پدیدآور	Reynold Spector et al.	Sheiner, Rosenberg & Marathe
نوع	Clinical measurement and dose-optimization framework	Nonlinear mixed-effects regression model
منبع بنیادین	Spector, R., Park, G. D., Johnson, G. F., & Vesell, E. S. (1988). Therapeutic drug monitoring. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 43(4), 345–353.	Sheiner, L. B., Rosenberg, B., & Marathe, V. V. (1977). Estimation of population characteristics of pharmacokinetic parameters from routine clinical data. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, 5(5), 445–479.
نام‌های دیگر	Drug Level Monitoring, Serum Drug Level Monitoring, Clinical Pharmacokinetic Monitoring, İlaç Düzeyi İzlemi	PopPK, Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Modeling, NONMEM Approach, Popülasyon Farmakokinetiği
مرتبط	3	2
خلاصه	Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical pharmacokinetic practice in which drug concentrations are measured in a patient's blood to guide individualized dosing. It applies principally to drugs with narrow therapeutic windows—where the margin between efficacy and toxicity is small—such as aminoglycosides, vancomycin, cyclosporine, and antiepileptics. Developed as a formal discipline in the 1980s, TDM integrates measured concentrations with pharmacokinetic modeling to calculate patient-specific dose regimens.	Population Pharmacokinetics (PopPK) is a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling framework that characterizes how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated across a patient population, estimating both typical population parameters and the magnitude of between-subject variability. Introduced by Sheiner, Rosenberg, and Marathe in 1977, it enables parameter estimation from sparse, routinely collected clinical data—making it indispensable in drug development, regulatory submissions, and individualized dosing.