مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نقد متنی	روش تاریخ شفاهی
حوزه	روش‌های میدانی	روش‌های میدانی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Antiquity; modern systematic method c. 1850s (Lachmann)	1948 (systematic practice); broader theorisation 1970s–1990s
پدیدآور	Classical philologists (Karl Lachmann foremost in systematic method)	Columbia University Oral History Research Office (Allan Nevins); later theorised by Alessandro Portelli and Donald Ritchie
نوع	Humanistic / philological research method	Qualitative historical-empirical method
منبع بنیادین	West, M. L. (1973). Textual Criticism and Editorial Technique Applicable to Greek and Latin Texts. Teubner. ISBN: 978-3519074014	Ritchie, D. A. (2015). Doing Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199329960
نام‌های دیگر	lower criticism, editorial criticism, philological criticism, manuscript criticism	oral history research, life history interviewing, oral testimony research, OHM
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Textual criticism is a systematic philological method for identifying, comparing, and evaluating variant readings across multiple manuscript or print witnesses of a text in order to reconstruct the most accurate version of the original — or the author's intended — text. Applied since antiquity to classical, biblical, and literary works, it remains the foundational editorial method in classical studies, biblical scholarship, medieval studies, and critical editing of literary works.	The oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which researchers conduct in-depth, recorded interviews with individuals who have direct personal experience of a historical event, social process, or community life. It captures subjective perspectives, memory, and lived experience that written records rarely preserve, making it indispensable for recovering voices absent from official archives — particularly those of marginalised communities, minority groups, and ordinary people.