مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون هم‌ارزی	مدل راش
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	روان‌سنجی
خانواده	Latent structure	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1984 (modern statistical treatment)	1960
پدیدآور	Kolen & Brennan (foundational treatise, 2004/2014); Holland & Dorans (2006)	Georg Rasch
نوع	Score transformation / latent-scale calibration	Item Response Theory / Latent trait model
منبع بنیادین	Kolen, M.J. & Brennan, R.L. (2014). Test Equating, Scaling, and Linking: Methods and Practices (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1-4939-0316-6	Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen.
نام‌های دیگر	Test Eşitleme (Test Equating), score equating, equipercentile equating, IRT true-score equating	1PL IRT, one-parameter logistic model, Rasch Modeli — 1PL IRT, 1PL model
مرتبط	4	6
خلاصه	Test equating is a family of statistical methods that converts scores earned on one test form onto the score scale of another form, so that scores from different administrations or versions can be compared and reported on a common metric. The foundational modern treatment is Kolen and Brennan (2004/2014); Holland and Dorans (2006) provide the authoritative chapter-length overview within the field of educational measurement.	The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and persons.