مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس تنش‌زایی فناوری (Technostress Scale)	شاخص آمادگی فناورانه
حوزه	سیستم‌های اطلاعاتی	سیستم‌های اطلاعاتی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2007	2000
پدیدآور	Tarafdar, Tu, Ragu-Nathan	Ajay Parasuraman
نوع	Likert-scale stress measure	Likert-scale questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2007). The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(1), 301-328.	Parasuraman, A., & Colby, C. L. (2015). An updated and streamlined Technology Readiness Index. Journal of Service Research, 18(1), 59-74.
نام‌های دیگر	Techno-stress, Technology-induced stress	TRI, Parasuraman Technology Readiness
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Technostress Scale, developed by Tarafdar, Tu, Ragu-Nathan, and colleagues (2007), measures the stress and negative emotions experienced by employees due to information technology use in the workplace. The scale captures five dimensions of technostress: techno-overload (excessive workload from technology demands), techno-invasion (inability to disconnect from work), techno-complexity (difficulty mastering new technology), techno-insecurity (fear of job loss due to automation), and techno-uncertainty (constant changes in technology). Technostress is linked to decreased productivity, increased burnout, and job dissatisfaction.	The Technology Readiness Index (TRI) was developed by Ajay Parasuraman in 2000 to measure individual propensity to adopt and use new technologies. The TRI assesses a person's personal attitudes toward technology across four dimensions: optimism, innovativeness, discomfort, and insecurity. Updated in 2015 with a streamlined 16-item version, the TRI helps identify technology adopter segments and predict behavior across diverse technology contexts.