مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Technology Acceptance Model	Triple Helix Analysis
حوزه	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
خانواده	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1989	2000
پدیدآور	Fred D. Davis	Henry Etzkowitz & Loet Leydesdorff
نوع	Latent-variable behavioural model	Innovation-systems framework and bibliometric indicator
منبع بنیادین	Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.	Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and 'Mode 2' to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123.
نام‌های دیگر	TAM, Davis acceptance model, Technology adoption model	Triple Helix indicator, University-industry-government analysis, Triple Helix synergy analysis
مرتبط	3	4
خلاصه	The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a theoretical model of why people accept or reject information technology, introduced by Fred Davis in 1989. Adapting the Theory of Reasoned Action, it posits that two beliefs—perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use—shape attitudes and behavioural intention toward a system, which in turn drives actual use. The constructs are measured with validated survey scales and the relations are typically estimated as a structural equation model.	Triple Helix analysis is a framework and bibliometric method for studying knowledge-based innovation as the evolving interplay of three institutional spheres—university, industry, and government. Rather than treating these as separate actors that occasionally cooperate, it models innovation as the overlapping, mutually shaping relations among them, and offers an information-theoretic indicator that quantifies how much the three spheres jointly reduce uncertainty in a knowledge economy.