مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Technography	Actor-Network Theory Analysis
حوزه	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2011	1984
پدیدآور	Kees Jansen & Sietze Vellema (Wageningen); algorithmic strand by Taina Bucher	Bruno Latour, Michel Callon, John Law
نوع	Ethnographic field method	Material-semiotic theory and analytic method
منبع بنیادین	Jansen, K., & Vellema, S. (2011). What is technography? NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 57(3-4), 169-177.	Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199256051
نام‌های دیگر	Ethnography of technology-in-use, Technographic analysis, Algorithmic technography	ANT analysis, Sociology of translation, Actant-network mapping
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Technography is the ethnographic description of technology-in-use: how tools, machines, and systems are actually handled, skilled, and enacted in the course of real tasks. Articulated as a method by Kees Jansen and Sietze Vellema in the Wageningen tradition of agrarian and development studies, it places the technical at the centre of ethnographic attention, asking how people and artefacts together accomplish work. A digital strand, exemplified by Taina Bucher's study of algorithmic power, extends technography to software and platforms, examining how algorithms are encountered, felt, and acted upon. Across both, the method treats technology not as a finished object but as something performed in practice within particular social and material settings.	Actor-Network Theory analysis treats society and technology as a single woven fabric, mapping how heterogeneous human and non-human actors—engineers, scallops, documents, machines, regulators—are linked into networks through a process of translation. Rather than explaining technical outcomes by appeal to pre-given social categories, ANT follows the actors themselves and describes how durable arrangements are assembled, stabilised, and sometimes undone.