مقایسهٔ روشها
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| نمونهگیری نظاممند× | نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده (SRS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روششناسی پیمایش | روششناسی پیمایش |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | Mid-20th century (Cochran 1953; Kish 1965) | Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977 |
| پدیدآور≠ | William G. Cochran; formalized in survey sampling theory | William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran |
| نوع | Probability sampling design | Probability sampling design |
| منبع بنیادین | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 |
| نامهای دیگر | interval sampling, systematic random sampling, equal-interval sampling, fixed-interval sampling | SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM |
| مرتبط≠ | 5 | 6 |
| خلاصه≠ | Systematic sampling is a probability sampling technique in which every k-th element is selected from an ordered list of the population after a random starting point. With population size N and desired sample size n, the sampling interval k = N/n is computed and one unit is chosen at random from the first interval; all subsequent units are selected by adding k repeatedly. The method is operationally simple, yields a spread-out sample, and often achieves lower variance than simple random sampling when the list has no harmful periodicity. | Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated. |
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