مقایسهٔ روشها
روشهای انتخابی خود را کنار هم مرور کنید؛ ردیفهای متفاوت برجسته شدهاند.
| پیمایش× | مصاحبه ساختاریافته× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روششناسی پیمایش | روششناسی پیمایش |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | Late 19th century; systematic social-science use from 1940s | 1940s–1950s |
| پدیدآور≠ | Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; formalised by Paul Lazarsfeld in the 1940s | Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century |
| نوع≠ | Quantitative (primarily) or mixed-methods data-collection instrument | Quantitative / mixed data collection technique |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149 | Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage. link ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | questionnaire survey, survey research, self-report survey, questionnaire study | standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | A survey is a systematic data-collection method in which a standardised set of questions is posed to a sample of respondents to measure attitudes, behaviours, demographics, or other constructs. Surveys can be administered via paper, telephone, online platforms, or face-to-face. They are among the most widely used instruments in social, behavioural, health, and educational research because they can reach large, geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost. | A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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