مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Successful Aging Operationalization	Healthy Life Expectancy
حوزه	Social Gerontology	جمعیت‌شناسی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Survival analysis
سال پیدایش	1997	1971
پدیدآور	John W. Rowe and Robert L. Kahn (MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Aging)	Daniel F. Sullivan (Sullivan method); developed by the WHO/REVES tradition
نوع	Operational framework for defining and classifying successful aging	Health-expectancy estimator partitioning life expectancy into healthy and unhealthy years
منبع بنیادین	Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433-440.	Sullivan, D. F. (1971). A single index of mortality and morbidity. HSMHA Health Reports, 86(4), 347–354.
نام‌های دیگر	Rowe-Kahn Successful Aging Model, Successful Aging Criteria, MacArthur Successful Aging Framework, Three-Component Successful Aging	HALE, Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy, Disability-Free Life Expectancy
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Rowe-Kahn model operationalizes successful aging as a positive, multidimensional state rather than the mere absence of decline. In their landmark 1997 Gerontologist paper, John Rowe and Robert Kahn argued that gerontology had overemphasized average or 'usual' aging and neglected those who age well, and they proposed a concrete three-part definition. An individual is aging successfully when they simultaneously meet three criteria: low probability of disease and disease-related disability, high cognitive and physical functional capacity, and active engagement with life through productive activity and interpersonal relationships. Crucially, the model treats these as a hierarchy that must be met jointly, so success is defined by the conjunction of all three components rather than excellence on any one. The framework drew on the MacArthur Foundation Research Network's longitudinal studies and reframed aging as something partly within individual and societal control. It became one of the most cited and most debated organizing frameworks in social gerontology, spawning both widespread application and vigorous critique. Its enduring contribution is a clear, testable template for what 'good' aging means and how to classify it.	Healthy life expectancy partitions ordinary life expectancy into the years a person can expect to live in good health and the years expected to be lived with disability or ill health. Building on the life table, the classic Sullivan method weights each age interval's person-years by the prevalence of good health, so the resulting expectancy answers not just 'how long will people live?' but 'how many of those years will be healthy?'. It has become a headline summary of population health, reported by the World Health Organization as HALE and tracked alongside life expectancy to judge whether longer lives are also healthier lives.