مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Successful Aging Operationalization	Active Ageing Index
حوزه	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1997	2013
پدیدآور	John W. Rowe and Robert L. Kahn (MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Aging)	Asghar Zaidi and colleagues (UNECE and European Commission, European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research)
نوع	Operational framework for defining and classifying successful aging	Composite index of the untapped potential of older people for active ageing
منبع بنیادین	Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433-440.	Zaidi, A., Gasior, K., Hofmarcher, M. M., Lelkes, O., Marin, B., Rodrigues, R., Schmidt, A., Vanhuysse, P., & Zolyomi, E. (2013). Active Ageing Index 2012: Concept, Methodology and Final Results. European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna.
نام‌های دیگر	Rowe-Kahn Successful Aging Model, Successful Aging Criteria, MacArthur Successful Aging Framework, Three-Component Successful Aging	AAI, UNECE Active Ageing Index, Active Aging Index, EU Active Ageing Index
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Rowe-Kahn model operationalizes successful aging as a positive, multidimensional state rather than the mere absence of decline. In their landmark 1997 Gerontologist paper, John Rowe and Robert Kahn argued that gerontology had overemphasized average or 'usual' aging and neglected those who age well, and they proposed a concrete three-part definition. An individual is aging successfully when they simultaneously meet three criteria: low probability of disease and disease-related disability, high cognitive and physical functional capacity, and active engagement with life through productive activity and interpersonal relationships. Crucially, the model treats these as a hierarchy that must be met jointly, so success is defined by the conjunction of all three components rather than excellence on any one. The framework drew on the MacArthur Foundation Research Network's longitudinal studies and reframed aging as something partly within individual and societal control. It became one of the most cited and most debated organizing frameworks in social gerontology, spawning both widespread application and vigorous critique. Its enduring contribution is a clear, testable template for what 'good' aging means and how to classify it.	The Active Ageing Index (AAI) is a composite indicator that measures the untapped potential of older people to contribute to the economy and society and to live independently. Developed jointly by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the European Commission and documented by Asghar Zaidi and colleagues in 2013, it summarizes how far older men and women realize their potential for active and healthy ageing. The index is organized into four domains: employment; participation in society; independent, healthy, and secure living; and capacity and the enabling environment for active ageing. Across these domains it aggregates 22 individual indicators drawn largely from existing comparative surveys. Each indicator is normalized to a common scale, combined within its domain, and then weighted across domains into a single overall score that allows countries to be compared and ranked. The AAI was created to support evidence-based ageing policy in the European Union and beyond, providing a benchmarking tool for member states. It treats active ageing not as a property of exceptional individuals but as something policy and the environment can enable across the whole older population.