مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مدیریت آب‌های سطحی	طراحی زیرساخت سبز
حوزه	مهندسی محیط زیست	مهندسی محیط زیست
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1980	2000
پدیدآور	Urban hydrologists and engineers	Urban planners and landscape architects
نوع	design and simulation pipeline	integrated design and planning pipeline
منبع بنیادین	Urbonas, B., & Stahre, P. (1993). Stormwater Best Management Practices and Detention. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 978-0134445915	Freeman, R. C. (2005). Green Infrastructure: Intelligent Landscapes for the Twenty-First Century. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415772662
نام‌های دیگر	urban stormwater, runoff management, wet weather control, low-impact development	GI design, natural infrastructure, nature-based solutions, ecosystem-based adaptation
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	Stormwater management is the planning and engineering of urban water systems to control, treat, and utilize rainwater runoff from developed areas. Traditional approaches (pipes, detention basins) conveyed runoff rapidly to streams or treatment plants; modern green infrastructure approaches (permeable pavements, bioswales, retention ponds) reduce runoff volume through infiltration and reuse while improving water quality. Stormwater management integrates hydrologic modeling, water quality assessment, and infrastructure design to meet regulatory requirements and climate resilience goals.	Green infrastructure (GI) design is the planning and implementation of natural or nature-based systems (vegetation, soils, water bodies) integrated into urban environments to provide multiple ecosystem services: stormwater management, air quality improvement, heat island mitigation, biodiversity habitat, recreation, and social well-being. Emerged in the 2000s as a sustainability paradigm, green infrastructure combines landscape design, hydrology, ecology, and urban planning to create multifunctional spaces that serve practical and aesthetic goals.