مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	استانداردهای گزارش‌دهی آماری: گزارش‌دهی شفاف تحلیل‌ها	شفافیت در نگارش علمی: اصول ارتباط دقیق آکادمیک
حوزه	نگارش دانشگاهی	نگارش دانشگاهی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2005	1959
پدیدآور	Statistical and methodological literature; emphasized by Cumming (2013), ICMJE, and replication crisis discussions	Scientific writing tradition; modern frameworks from Greenhalgh (1997), Strunk & White (2000), and writing educators
نوع	Guideline	Guideline
منبع بنیادین	Cumming, G. (2013). The new statistics: Why and how. Psychological Science, 25(1), 7–29.	Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (2000). The Elements of Style (4th ed.). New York: Longman. ISBN: 978-0-205-30902-4
نام‌های دیگر	reporting statistics, statistical transparency, effect size reporting	clarity in writing, scientific communication, technical writing
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Transparent reporting of statistical results—including effect sizes, confidence intervals, p-values, and assumptions—is essential for scientific integrity and reproducibility. Many published studies report p-values in isolation without effect sizes or confidence intervals, making it impossible for readers to assess the magnitude of findings. Statistical reporting standards, emphasized by Cumming (2013), the American Statistical Association, and the ICMJE, require effect sizes, confidence intervals, and discussion of uncertainty. This enables readers to judge whether findings are practically significant (not just statistically significant) and to compare effect sizes across studies in meta-analyses. Poor statistical reporting wastes research and prevents proper synthesis of evidence.	Clear scientific writing enables readers to understand methodology, results, and implications without confusion. Clarity is not ornamental—it is essential to scientific integrity. Unclear writing obscures findings, enables misinterpretation, wastes readers' time, and reduces impact and citations. Scientific clarity requires active voice (when appropriate), conciseness (eliminating redundancy), precise word choice (correct terminology), logical organization, and transparent reasoning. These principles apply across disciplines and are supported by style guides (APA, Vancouver), writing textbooks, and journal editors' expectations. Clear writing also helps authors think more precisely; the act of writing clearly often reveals gaps or inconsistencies in logic.