مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Stakeholder Analysis for Development	Participatory Impact Assessment
حوزه	Development Studies	Development Studies
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1997	2014
پدیدآور	Robin Grimble & Kate Wellard; Mark Reed and colleagues	Andy Catley and colleagues, Feinstein International Center, Tufts University
نوع	Analytical method for identifying and characterising actors	Participatory project impact assessment method
منبع بنیادین	Reed, M. S., Graves, A., Dandy, N., Posthumus, H., Hubacek, K., Morris, J., Prell, C., Quinn, C. H., & Stringer, L. C. (2009). Who's in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(5), 1933-1949.	Catley, A., Burns, J., Abebe, D., & Suji, O. (2014). Participatory Impact Assessment: A Design Guide. Somerville, MA: Feinstein International Center, Tufts University.
نام‌های دیگر	Stakeholder mapping, Power-interest analysis, Actor analysis, Influence-importance matrix	PIA, Participatory Impact Evaluation, Community-Based Impact Assessment, Participatory Impact Measurement
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Stakeholder analysis in development is a structured method for identifying the actors with a stake in an intervention and characterising their interests, power, and influence, so that programmes can be designed and implemented with a clear view of whom they affect and who can affect them. Drawing on the natural-resource-management tradition of Robin Grimble and Kate Wellard and the methodological typology of Mark Reed and colleagues, it employs tools such as the power-interest grid, the influence-importance matrix, and Venn diagrams to make the social landscape of a project explicit.	Participatory Impact Assessment (PIA) is an approach to measuring the impact of development and humanitarian projects in which the affected communities define the indicators of change and use participatory tools to quantify it. Developed and codified by Andy Catley and colleagues at Tufts University's Feinstein International Center, largely through work on livestock and livelihoods programmes in pastoralist settings, PIA adapts participatory rural appraisal methods to the disciplined logic of impact evaluation — combining locally meaningful indicators with before-and-after and with-and-without comparisons to assess what a project actually changed.