مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس بهزیستی معنوی	فهرست کرامت بیمار
حوزه	مراقبت تسکینی	مراقبت تسکینی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1982	2008
پدیدآور	Raymond F. Paloutzian and Craig W. Ellison	Chochinov, Hassard, McClement, and colleagues (University of Manitoba)
نوع	Self-report	Self-report
منبع بنیادین	Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being, and the quality of life. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 224–237). Wiley.	Chochinov, H. M., Hassard, T., McClement, S., Hack, T., Kristjanson, L. J., Harlos, M., Speca, M., & Tool, T. (2008). The Patient Dignity Inventory: a novel way of measuring dignity-related distress in palliative care. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 36(6), 559–571.
نام‌های دیگر	SWBS	PDI, Dignity Inventory
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) is a 20-item self-report measure of spiritual well-being encompassing both religious faith and existential meaning—two dimensions critical to quality of life at end-of-life. Developed by Paloutzian and Ellison in 1982, the SWBS has become a cornerstone assessment tool in palliative care, chaplaincy, and oncology to identify unmet spiritual needs, guide supportive interventions, and evaluate the impact of spiritual care programs on patient outcomes.	The Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI) is a 25-item self-report measure assessing dignity-related distress in patients with advanced cancer and life-limiting illness. Developed by Chochinov and colleagues at the University of Manitoba in 2008, the PDI operationalizes 'dignity' as a multidimensional construct encompassing illness-related functional decline, psychosocial concerns (fear, hopelessness, suicidality), body image distress, existential meaning, and social connection—dimensions often overlooked by symptom-focused assessment. The PDI enables clinicians to identify and address dignity threats systematically, preventing the existential despair that can accompany terminal illness even when physical symptoms are well-controlled.