مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Speech Act Analysis	Discourse Completion Task
حوزه	زبان‌شناسی	زبان‌شناسی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1962	1989
پدیدآور	J. L. Austin and John R. Searle (analytic method derived from speech act theory)	Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Juliane House & Gabriele Kasper (CCSARP project)
نوع	Qualitative pragmatic coding of utterances for illocutionary force	Written/oral elicitation instrument for speech-act data
منبع بنیادین	Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198245537	Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., & Kasper, G. (Eds.) (1989). Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies. Ablex Publishing. ISBN: 9780893915131
نام‌های دیگر	Illocutionary Force Analysis, Speech Act Coding, Pragmatic Act Analysis	Discourse Completion Test, DCT, Production Questionnaire
مرتبط	4	3
خلاصه	Speech act analysis is the empirical, qualitative method of examining real utterances for the actions they perform — promising, requesting, apologizing, warning, declaring — rather than merely for what they describe. Building on J. L. Austin's insight that saying is doing and on John Searle's systematic taxonomy of illocutionary acts, the analyst segments discourse into utterances, identifies the illocutionary force of each, classifies it (as a representative, directive, commissive, expressive, or declaration), and notes whether the act is performed directly or indirectly. It turns the philosophy of language into a coding procedure that can be applied to conversations, written texts, and elicited data.	The discourse completion task (DCT) is an elicitation instrument widely used in pragmatics to gather data on how people perform speech acts such as requests, apologies, refusals, and compliments. Respondents read short descriptions of situations and write (or say) what they would utter in each, allowing researchers to collect comparable speech-act data across many speakers, languages, and cultures under controlled conditions. It was popularized by the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) of Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper in 1989.