مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مدل خطای فضایی-زمانی فضایی	مدل خطای فضایی پانل
حوزه	تحلیل فضایی	تحلیل فضایی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1988 (SEM); 2003 (panel/space-time extension)	1988 / 2003
پدیدآور	Anselin (1988); panel extension by Elhorst (2003, 2014)	Anselin (1988); extended to panels by Elhorst (2003, 2014)
نوع	Spatial panel regression	Spatial econometric panel model
منبع بنیادین	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN: 978-9024737247	Elhorst, J. P. (2014). Spatial Econometrics: From Cross-Sectional Data to Spatial Panels. Springer. ISBN: 978-3642403408
نام‌های دیگر	SEM panel, spatial error panel model, space-time SEM, spatiotemporal error model	panel SEM, spatial error panel model, panel spatial autocorrelation error model, SEM panel
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	The Space-Time Spatial Error Model (space-time SEM) is a spatial panel regression technique that accounts for spatial dependence confined to the error term across geographic units and time periods. It corrects biased inference caused by spatially correlated disturbances while estimating covariate effects on a panel of spatial observations.	The Panel Spatial Error Model (panel SEM) extends the classical spatial error model to panel data, allowing spatial dependence to enter through the error term across cross-sectional units over multiple time periods. It accounts for spatially correlated omitted variables without imposing a substantive spatial spillover in the outcome itself.