مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس فاصله اجتماعی	مقیاس استرس فرهنگی-اجتماعی، خانوادگی و قومی (SAFE)
حوزه	پرستاری فرافرهنگی	پرستاری فرافرهنگی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1933	1997
پدیدآور	Emory Bogardus	Chavez, Cervantes, Busch-Rossnagel
نوع	Self-report	Self-report
منبع بنیادین	Bogardus, E. S. (1933). A social distance scale. Sociology and Social Research, 17(3), 265–271.	Chavez, R. A., Cervantes, R. C., & Busch-Rossnagel, N. A. (1997). Assessing acculturation in Mexican American adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 19(1), 80–93.
نام‌های دیگر	SDS, Bogardus Scale	SAFE Scale
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Social Distance Scale (SDS), also known as the Bogardus Scale, is a classic sociological instrument designed to measure the degree of social acceptance, prejudice, or social distance that individuals feel toward members of different ethnic, racial, or social groups. Originally developed by Emory Bogardus in 1933 and updated by researchers including Parrillo and Donoghue, the SDS assesses willingness for increasing levels of contact and intimacy with outgroup members, from casual acquaintance to family relationships. The scale is widely used in sociology, psychology, and health research to evaluate attitudes toward diversity and to track changes in intergroup relations.	The Societal Attitudinal Familial Ethnic (SAFE) Acculturative Stress Scale is a self-report instrument designed to measure the psychological stress and strain experienced by individuals during the acculturation process—the adaptation of cultural attitudes, behaviors, and identities when navigating between heritage and dominant cultures. Developed by Chavez, Cervantes, and Busch-Rossnagel in 1997, the SAFE Scale assesses stress across multiple domains: pressure to acculturate from society, family discord related to cultural differences, and experiences of discrimination. The instrument is widely used in clinical, educational, and research settings to evaluate acculturative stress among immigrant and ethnic minority populations and to understand its effects on mental health and well-being.