مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	هیدرودینامیک ذرات هموار شده	شبیه‌سازی عددی مستقیم
حوزه	دینامیک سیالات	دینامیک سیالات
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1977	1971
پدیدآور	Monaghan John & Lucy Leon	Steven Orszag
نوع	Meshfree particle method	Full-scale turbulence resolution method
منبع بنیادین	Lucy, L. B. (1977). A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis. The Astronomical Journal, 82(12), 1013-1024.	Orszag, S. A. (1971). Numerical simulation of incompressible flows within simple boundaries: accuracy. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 49(1), 75-112.
نام‌های دیگر	SPH, particle hydrodynamics	DNS, resolved turbulence simulation
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree particle method for simulating fluid dynamics, developed independently by Lucy in 1977 and Gingold and Monaghan in 1977. Rather than discretizing on a fixed grid, SPH represents fluids as collections of particles that carry mass, momentum, and energy. Each particle interacts with neighbors within a kernel support radius, enabling natural handling of free surfaces, large deformations, and multiphase flows without remeshing. SPH has become indispensable for simulations involving violent flows, impacts, and complex interfaces.	Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is a computational approach that solves the Navier-Stokes equations without turbulence models, resolving all scales of motion from the largest energy-containing eddies down to the smallest dissipative scales (Kolmogorov microscales). Pioneered by Steven Orszag in 1971, DNS provides complete information about turbulent flow fields and serves as a reference solution for validating turbulence models. However, extreme computational demands limit DNS to relatively simple geometries and low to moderate Reynolds numbers.