مقایسهٔ روشها
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| مطالعه تکموردی× | پژوهش عملیاتی× | پژوهش مطالعه موردی× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| حوزه≠ | کیفی | پژوهش کیفی | کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1984 (Yin's seminal protocol); 1995 (Stake's art-of-case-study framework) | 1946 | 1984 (seminal codification) |
| پدیدآور≠ | Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984) |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative research method | Method | Qualitative research design |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169 | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | single-site case study, holistic single-case design, intrinsic case study, bounded case inquiry | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 1 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | A single-case study is a qualitative research design that investigates one bounded instance — an organization, program, event, individual, or community — in its real-world context through multiple converging sources of evidence. Developed into a rigorous social-science method chiefly by Robert Yin and Robert Stake, it is especially powerful when the case is unique, extreme, critical, or revelatory, and when the research question begins with 'how' or 'why' rather than 'how many.' | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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