مقایسهٔ روشها
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| نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده (SRS)× | نمونهگیری سهمیهای× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روششناسی پیمایش | روششناسی پیمایش |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977 | 1930s |
| پدیدآور≠ | William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran | Developed in market research and opinion polling, notably applied by George Gallup in the 1930s |
| نوع≠ | Probability sampling design | Non-probability sampling design |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Moser, C. A., & Kalton, G. (1972). Survey Methods in Social Investigation (2nd ed.). Heinemann. ISBN: 978-0435827496 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM | quota-controlled sampling, quota selection, non-probability quota sampling |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated. | Quota sampling is a non-probability technique in which the researcher pre-specifies how many units to recruit from each subgroup (quota cell) defined by one or more control variables such as age, gender, or occupation. Interviewers or data collectors then use their own judgment to find and enroll participants until each cell is filled. The method guarantees the sample mirrors the population on the control variables but does not provide the randomness needed for classical statistical inference. |
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