مقایسهٔ روشها
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| نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده (SRS)× | نمونهگیری هدفمند× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روششناسی پیمایش | روششناسی پیمایش |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977 | Formalized ~1980–1990 |
| پدیدآور≠ | William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran | Michael Quinn Patton (systematic articulation); roots in early qualitative inquiry |
| نوع≠ | Probability sampling design | Non-probability sampling strategy |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0803937796 |
| نامهای دیگر | SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM | judgmental sampling, selective sampling, criterion-based sampling, purposeful sampling |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated. | Purposive sampling is a non-probability strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects participants, documents, or cases that are information-rich with respect to the research question. Rather than drawing units at random, the researcher applies explicit criteria aligned with the study's purpose, maximising the depth and relevance of the data collected. It is the default sampling logic in most qualitative research designs and is also used in mixed-methods and applied evaluative work. |
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