مقایسهٔ روشها
روشهای انتخابی خود را کنار هم مرور کنید؛ ردیفهای متفاوت برجسته شدهاند.
| نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده (SRS)× | نمونهگیری خوشهای× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روششناسی پیمایش | روششناسی پیمایش |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977 | Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977 |
| پدیدآور≠ | William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran | Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice |
| نوع | Probability sampling design | Probability sampling design |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM | cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated. | Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters. |
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