مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Set-Theoretic Multimethod Research	Qualitative Comparative Analysis
حوزه	Political Science	Political Science
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2013	1987
پدیدآور	Carsten Q. Schneider & Ingo Rohlfing	Charles C. Ragin
نوع	Integrated cross-case and within-case set-theoretic design	Set-theoretic, configurational comparative method
منبع بنیادین	Schneider, C. Q., & Rohlfing, I. (2013). Combining QCA and Process Tracing in Set-Theoretic Multi-Method Research. Sociological Methods & Research, 42(4), 559–597.	Ragin, C. C. (1987). The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN: 9780520058347
نام‌های دیگر	SMMR, Set-theoretic multi-method research, QCA plus process tracing, Set-theoretic MMR	QCA, csQCA, fsQCA, Configurational comparative method
مرتبط	4	3
خلاصه	Set-theoretic multimethod research (SMMR) integrates the cross-case logic of Qualitative Comparative Analysis with the within-case logic of process tracing. After QCA identifies the combinations of conditions that are necessary or sufficient for an outcome, SMMR uses the resulting solution terms to classify cases — typical, deviant, individually irrelevant — and to select cases for in-depth process tracing. Codified by Carsten Schneider and Ingo Rohlfing, it grounds the choice of cases and the search for mechanisms in set theory, so cross-case and within-case inference reinforce one another within a single, coherent framework.	Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is a set-theoretic, configurational method that identifies which combinations of conditions are necessary or sufficient for an outcome across a set of cases. Developed by Charles Ragin, it treats each case as a configuration of set memberships, builds a truth table of all logically possible combinations, and uses Boolean algebra to minimize them into the simplest expressions that account for the outcome. It bridges qualitative case knowledge and cross-case generalization, embracing causal complexity through conjunctural causation, equifinality, and asymmetry.