مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Set-Theoretic Multimethod Research	فرایند ردیابی (Process Tracing)
حوزه	Political Science	روان‌سنجی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	2013	2005
پدیدآور	Carsten Q. Schneider & Ingo Rohlfing	Alexander George, Andrew Bennett
نوع	Integrated cross-case and within-case set-theoretic design	Qualitative causal inference
منبع بنیادین	Schneider, C. Q., & Rohlfing, I. (2013). Combining QCA and Process Tracing in Set-Theoretic Multi-Method Research. Sociological Methods & Research, 42(4), 559–597.	Bennett, A., & Checkel, J. T. (Eds.). (2015). Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool. Cambridge University Press.
نام‌های دیگر	SMMR, Set-theoretic multi-method research, QCA plus process tracing, Set-theoretic MMR	—
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	Set-theoretic multimethod research (SMMR) integrates the cross-case logic of Qualitative Comparative Analysis with the within-case logic of process tracing. After QCA identifies the combinations of conditions that are necessary or sufficient for an outcome, SMMR uses the resulting solution terms to classify cases — typical, deviant, individually irrelevant — and to select cases for in-depth process tracing. Codified by Carsten Schneider and Ingo Rohlfing, it grounds the choice of cases and the search for mechanisms in set theory, so cross-case and within-case inference reinforce one another within a single, coherent framework.	Process Tracing is a qualitative research method developed by George and Bennett (2005) for studying causal mechanisms and causal chains within individual cases. It involves examining the sequence of events and decision-making processes within a case to infer whether a hypothesized causal mechanism actually operated. Process tracing aims to strengthen causal inference in case studies by looking beyond correlation to understand how causes produce effects.