مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نمونه‌گیری هدفمند مبتنی بر تحلیل حساسیت	نمونه‌گیری موارد انحرافی
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990s–2000s	1990
پدیدآور	Rooted in Patton's purposive sampling typology; sensitivity analysis practices formalized in research synthesis literature	Michael Quinn Patton
نوع	Purposive qualitative sampling with robustness verification	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
منبع بنیادین	Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1412972123	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711
نام‌های دیگر	purposive sampling with sensitivity checks, robust purposive sampling, sensitivity-tested purposive selection	extreme case sampling, outlier sampling, negative case sampling, deviant-case selection
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Sensitivity analysis-based purposive sampling extends conventional purposive sampling by systematically testing whether key findings or case-selection decisions change when the inclusion criteria, selection logic, or boundary conditions are altered. It applies the logic of sensitivity analysis — standard in quantitative research and systematic reviews — to qualitative case selection, giving researchers explicit evidence of how robust their purposive choices are to plausible alternative selection rules.	Deviant case sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher intentionally selects cases that are unusual, exceptional, or markedly different from the norm — outliers, extreme successes, or conspicuous failures. The goal is not statistical representation but deep learning from cases that illuminate the boundaries of a phenomenon, challenge prevailing assumptions, or reveal processes that typical cases obscure.