مقایسهٔ روشها
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| توسعه مقیاس× | تحلیل عاملی تأییدی (CFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانسنجی | روانسنجی |
| خانواده | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1991–1995 | 1969 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Multiple contributors; codified by Robert DeVellis and Lee Anna Clark & David Watson | Karl Gustav Jöreskog |
| نوع≠ | Multi-step methodological framework | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1506341569 | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | questionnaire construction, instrument development, measurement scale construction, psychometric scale building | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis |
| مرتبط≠ | 5 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | Scale development is a structured, multi-step process for creating psychometrically sound measurement instruments that capture latent psychological constructs. It encompasses construct definition, item generation, expert review, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability estimation, and validity evidence collection — producing a final set of items suitable for quantitative research. | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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