مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون رتبه علامت‌دار ویلکاکسون مقاوم (Robust Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test)	آزمون علامت (Sign Test)
حوزه	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1945 (original); robust extensions 1990s–2000s	1946
پدیدآور	Frank Wilcoxon (original); Rand R. Wilcox (robust extensions)	W. J. Dixon & A. M. Mood
نوع	Robust nonparametric paired difference test	Nonparametric median test
منبع بنیادین	Wilcox, R. R. (2012). Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing (3rd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123869838	Dixon, W. J. & Mood, A. M. (1946). The statistical sign test. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 41(236), 557–566.
نام‌های دیگر	robust signed-rank test, robust nonparametric paired test, outlier-resistant Wilcoxon test, robust WSR test	İşaret Testi (Sign Test), one-sample sign test, paired sign test
مرتبط	5	4
خلاصه	The robust Wilcoxon signed-rank test extends the classical Wilcoxon signed-rank test by incorporating outlier-resistant location measures or robust preprocessing steps, improving inference on paired data when extreme observations or heavy-tailed distributions threaten validity of standard rank-based conclusions.	The sign test is the simplest nonparametric hypothesis test for deciding whether the median of paired differences — or of a single sample — differs significantly from a hypothesised value. Formalised by W. J. Dixon and A. M. Mood in 1946, it imposes virtually no distributional assumptions and can be applied to any data where individual differences can be classified as positive or negative.