مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه دقت تشخیصی تعدیل‌شده با ریسک	مطالعه کوهورت
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	اپیدمیولوژی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Conceptual roots 1980s–1990s; covariate-adjusted ROC formally introduced 2009	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
پدیدآور	Margaret Pepe and colleagues; covariate-adjusted ROC formalized by Janes & Pepe (2009)	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
نوع	Observational clinical study design with covariate adjustment	Observational longitudinal study design
منبع بنیادین	Pepe, M. S. (2003). The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0198509844	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
نام‌های دیگر	case-mix-adjusted diagnostic accuracy, stratified diagnostic accuracy study, covariate-adjusted diagnostic accuracy, risk-stratified DTA study	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	A risk-adjusted diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well an index test identifies a target condition while explicitly accounting for patient-level risk factors that influence either disease prevalence or test performance. By adjusting for case-mix, it yields accuracy estimates — sensitivity, specificity, and AUC — that are not confounded by the composition of the study sample, enabling fairer comparisons across populations and clinical settings.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.