مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه مورد-شاهدی با تعدیل خطر	مطالعه مورد-شاهدی
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	اپیدمیولوژی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1950s–1980s (case-control design from 1950; risk-adjustment conventions established by 1980s)	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
پدیدآور	Doll & Hill (foundational case-control); risk adjustment via multivariate logistic regression systematised by Schlesselman (1982) and Breslow & Day (1980)	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
نوع	Observational analytic study design	Observational analytic study design
منبع بنیادین	Schlesselman, J. J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195029697	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
نام‌های دیگر	adjusted case-control study, covariate-adjusted case-control, risk-stratified case-control study, matched and adjusted case-control study	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	A risk-adjusted case-control study is an observational design that identifies individuals with a disease outcome (cases) and comparable individuals without it (controls), then uses statistical adjustment — most commonly multivariable logistic regression — to estimate the association between an exposure and the outcome while controlling for confounding risk factors. The adjustment step is what distinguishes this variant from a simple case-control study, producing odds ratios that better reflect the independent contribution of the exposure of interest.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.