مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Results-Based Accountability	Theory of Change Evaluation
حوزه	Public Policy	Public Policy
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2005	1995
پدیدآور	Mark Friedman	Carol Weiss; Connell & Kubisch; Funnell & Rogers
نوع	Performance accountability and measurement framework	Theory-based program evaluation framework
منبع بنیادین	Friedman, M. (2005). Trying Hard Is Not Good Enough: How to Produce Measurable Improvements for Customers and Communities. Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing. ISBN: 9781439237861	Weiss, C. H. (1995). Nothing as practical as good theory: Exploring theory-based evaluation for comprehensive community initiatives for children and families. In J. P. Connell, A. C. Kubisch, L. B. Schorr, & C. H. Weiss (Eds.), New Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives: Concepts, Methods, and Contexts (pp. 65–92). Washington, DC: The Aspen Institute. ISBN: 9780898431674
نام‌های دیگر	RBA, Outcomes-Based Accountability, OBA, Friedman Results-Based Accountability	Theory-Based Evaluation, ToC Evaluation, Theory-of-Change Approach, Outcomes Pathway Evaluation
مرتبط	4	3
خلاصه	Results-Based Accountability (RBA), also known as Outcomes-Based Accountability, is a disciplined performance framework developed by Mark Friedman and set out in his 2005 book Trying Hard Is Not Good Enough. It provides a simple, common-sense method for moving from talk about results to measurable action, organised around a sharp distinction between population accountability — the wellbeing of whole populations in a place — and performance accountability — how well a specific program, agency or service is doing. For each, RBA asks the same disciplined set of questions and drives toward concrete actions that 'turn the curve' on key indicators.	Theory of change evaluation is a theory-based approach that evaluates a program against an explicit map of how and why it is expected to produce its intended outcomes. Rooted in Carol Weiss's work on theory-based evaluation and the Aspen Institute's community-initiatives projects of the 1990s, it requires evaluators to articulate the full causal pathway from activities through short- and intermediate-term outcomes to a long-term goal, make the underlying assumptions explicit, and then collect evidence to test whether each link in that chain holds in practice. The theory of change serves simultaneously as a planning tool and as the framework against which the program's progress and plausibility are judged.