مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پیمایش از راه دور	تکنیک دلفی	پرسشنامه سیار
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1970s–present (formalised by Dillman 1978; expanded to internet surveys 2000s)	1950s–1963	Late 2000s–2010s (accelerated with smartphone adoption, ~2007–2015)
پدیدآور	Don A. Dillman (Tailored Design Method for mail/remote surveys)	Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	Emerged from web survey methodology researchers (Couper, Buskirk, Toepoel, and others)
نوع	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique	Iterative expert consensus technique	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique
منبع بنیادین	Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149	Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.	Toepoel, V., & Lugtig, P. (2014). What happens if you offer a mobile option to your web panel? Evidence from a probability-based panel of internet users. Social Science Computer Review, 32(4), 544–560.
نام‌های دیگر	distance survey, self-administered remote questionnaire, remote questionnaire, distributed survey	Delphi method, Delphi survey, expert consensus method, iterative expert panel	smartphone survey, mobile web survey, mobile questionnaire, m-survey
مرتبط	6	6	6
خلاصه	A remote survey is a structured data collection method in which respondents complete a questionnaire without the researcher being physically present. Delivered via mail, telephone, email, web platforms, or mobile apps, it enables researchers to reach geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost. The method is central to social-science, public-health, and organisational research and is codified in Dillman's widely used Tailored Design Method.	The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Developed at RAND Corporation in the 1950s, it is designed to converge a dispersed expert panel toward a reliable consensus on complex, uncertain, or future-oriented questions — without the conformity pressures of face-to-face group discussion.	A mobile survey is a self-report questionnaire designed and administered through smartphones or tablets, either via a mobile-optimized web browser or a dedicated app. As mobile devices became the dominant mode of internet access globally, surveys must be built for small screens, touch interaction, and variable connectivity. Mobile surveys are used across social science, public health, market research, and organizational studies when reaching respondents in their natural, everyday context is a priority.