مقایسهٔ روشها
روشهای انتخابی خود را کنار هم مرور کنید؛ ردیفهای متفاوت برجسته شدهاند.
| مشاهده از راه دور غیرمشارکتی× | مشاهده آنلاین غیرمشارکتی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روششناسی پیمایش | روششناسی پیمایش |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1990s–2000s (digital/virtual adaptation) | Late 1990s–2000s |
| پدیدآور≠ | Adapted from classical non-participant observation; remote digital application developed through internet research methodology (Hine, Mann, Stewart, and others, 1990s–2000s) | Christine Hine; Robert Kozinets (digital/online adaptation) |
| نوع | Qualitative data collection technique | Qualitative data collection technique |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Salmons, J. (2015). Qualitative Online Interviews: Strategies, Design, and Skills (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483332093 | Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228 |
| نامهای دیگر | remote unobtrusive observation, virtual non-participant observation, online non-participant observation, digital observer-only observation | digital non-participant observation, passive online observation, covert online observation, online unobtrusive observation |
| مرتبط≠ | 5 | 6 |
| خلاصه≠ | Remote non-participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher observes naturally occurring behavior, interaction, or activity from a distance — via video conferencing platforms, live-streamed sessions, online communities, or recorded media — without joining or influencing the setting. The researcher maintains a purely observer role throughout, recording field notes without actively participating in the observed context. | Online non-participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher watches and records naturally occurring behaviour in digital settings — forums, social media platforms, chat groups, comment sections, or online communities — without joining, interacting with, or disclosing their presence to participants. The approach transplants the classical non-participant observation tradition into internet-mediated spaces, enabling study of authentic discourse and interaction as it unfolds organically. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
|
|