مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	طراحی حفاظ تابشی	تحلیل ایمنی بحرانایی
حوزه	فیزیک هسته‌ای	فیزیک هسته‌ای
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1898	1938
پدیدآور	Ernest Rutherford, Pierre Curie	Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann
نوع	engineering design methodology	safety assessment methodology
منبع بنیادین	Cember, H., & Johnson, T. E. (2009). Introduction to Health Physics (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.	American National Standards Institute (2019). Nuclear Criticality Safety in Operations with Fissionable Material Outside Reactors. ANSI/ANS-8.1-19.40.
نام‌های دیگر	shield analysis, attenuation design, dose reduction engineering	nuclear safety assessment, chain reaction analysis, fissile material control
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Radiation shielding design is an engineering discipline that uses physics-based calculations and materials selection to reduce radiation exposure to acceptable levels, originating from Curie and Rutherford's early radiation studies in the 1890s. By combining attenuation theory, source characterization, and dose modeling, it determines material composition, thickness, and geometry to protect workers, the public, and sensitive equipment.	Criticality safety analysis is a systematic evaluation of fissile material systems to ensure nuclear chain reactions remain controlled, originating from Hahn and Strassmann's 1938 discovery of nuclear fission. It determines safe limits on fissile mass, concentration, geometry, and spacing using neutron transport calculations and experimental validation to prevent uncontrolled nuclear excursions in storage, processing, and transportation.