مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نقشه‌برداری QTL	امتیاز ریسک پلی‌ژنیک (Polygenic Risk Score)
حوزه	ژنتیک	ژنتیک
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1989	2007
پدیدآور	Eric Lander & David Botstein	Shaun Purcell & Nicholas Wray
نوع	Genetic linkage method	Predictive genomic method
منبع بنیادین	Lander, E. S., & Botstein, D. (1989). Mapping Mendelian traits using RFLP linkage maps. Genetics, 121(1), 185–199.	Purcell, S. M., Wray, N. R., Stone, J. L., Visscher, P. M., O'Donovan, M. C., Sullivan, P. F., & Sklar, P. (2007). Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia. Nature, 460(7256), 748–752.
نام‌های دیگر	QTL analysis, Linkage mapping, Trait locus mapping	PRS, Polygenic score, Genomic risk score
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is a genetic method that localizes chromosomal regions influencing quantitative traits—continuous phenotypes controlled by multiple genes and environmental factors. Developed by Lander and Botstein in 1989, QTL mapping uses linkage analysis and trait variation in segregating populations (such as F2 crosses or recombinant inbred lines) to identify genomic intervals containing loci that substantially affect trait values. This foundational approach has been extended to genome-wide association and is essential for understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits.	A polygenic risk score (PRS) is a summary measure that aggregates the effects of many genetic variants across the genome to predict an individual's genetic predisposition to disease or other complex traits. Developed initially by Purcell and colleagues in 2007, PRS methods combine genome-wide association study (GWAS) results with an individual's genotype to generate a personalized risk estimate. PRS approaches have transformed precision medicine by enabling risk stratification and early intervention in populations at high genetic risk.