مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آرایه زمان‌سنجی تپ‌اختر	21 سانتی‌متر عصر بازynization
حوزه	نجوم	نجوم
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1979	1990
پدیدآور	Stephen Detweiler	David Scott
نوع	Observational timing method	Radio observational method
منبع بنیادین	Sazhin, M. V. (1978). Opportunities for detecting ultralong gravitational waves. Soviet Astronomy, 22, 36-38.	Scott, D., & Rees, M. J. (1990). The 21-cm signature of the ionization of the intergalactic medium. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 247, 510-516.
نام‌های دیگر	PTA, Millisecond Pulsar Timing, Pulsar Timing Residuals	EoR 21-cm, Hydrogen Line Observations, 21-cm Signal Mapping
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	A pulsar timing array uses multiple millisecond pulsars as a distributed network of gravitational wave detectors across the galaxy. Proposed theoretically by Stephen Detweiler in 1979, this method exploits the extraordinary timing precision of pulsars to detect the subtle spacetime distortions caused by gravitational waves. In 2023, the first evidence for a stochastic background of gravitational waves was announced using pulsar timing arrays.	The 21-centimeter line observation of neutral hydrogen is a powerful technique for studying the Epoch of Reionization, when the first stars and galaxies ionized the intergalactic medium about 13 billion years ago. Proposed by Scott and Rees in 1990, this method probes the universe's transition from the dark ages to the cosmic dawn through the characteristic hyperfine line emission of hydrogen.