مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پاب‌مد و مدلاین	شاخص اچ (H-Index)
حوزه	کتاب‌سنجی	کتاب‌سنجی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1966	2005
پدیدآور	National Library of Medicine (NLM), U.S. National Institutes of Health	Jorge Hirsch, University of California San Diego
نوع	Database	Metric
منبع بنیادین	National Library of Medicine. (2024). PubMed: Home. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/	Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 102(46), 16569-16572.
نام‌های دیگر	PubMed, MEDLINE, NLM, PubMed Central	Hirsch index, h factor, h-number
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	PubMed is a free, publicly accessible literature database maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a division of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. It provides access to biomedical and life sciences literature from MEDLINE (the curated subset of ~30 million indexed journal articles), life science journals, in-process articles, and preprints. MEDLINE, established in 1966, is the gold standard for biomedical literature indexing, using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), a hierarchical controlled vocabulary of ~33,000 terms. PubMed is the primary discovery tool for clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals worldwide seeking evidence-based information.	The h-index, or Hirsch index, is a quantitative metric proposed by physicist Jorge Hirsch in 2005 to measure researcher productivity and citation impact simultaneously. A researcher has an h-index of h if they have published at least h papers, each cited at least h times. For example, an h-index of 20 means the researcher has 20 papers each cited at least 20 times. The h-index is widely used in research evaluation, hiring, and promotion decisions, though experts debate its limitations. It provides a single number balancing quantity of publications against quality of citations, offering an intuitive summary of research career impact.