مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	فرا-ثبتِ فرا-قوم‌نگاری (Protocol-based Meta-ethnography)	مرور پیمایشی
حوزه	علم‌سنجی	علم‌سنجی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1988 (meta-ethnography); protocol-based practice formalised 2010s	2005
پدیدآور	Noblit & Hare (meta-ethnography); protocol registration formalised through PROSPERO and eMERGe guidance	Hilary Arksey & Lisa O'Malley
نوع	Qualitative evidence synthesis with pre-registered protocol	Evidence synthesis review design
منبع بنیادین	Noblit, G. W., & Hare, R. D. (1988). Meta-Ethnography: Synthesizing Qualitative Studies. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803930742	Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32.
نام‌های دیگر	pre-registered meta-ethnography, prospero meta-ethnography, registered qualitative synthesis, protocol-driven meta-ethnography	scoping study, literature scoping, evidence mapping review, rapid evidence map
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Protocol-based meta-ethnography is a structured qualitative evidence synthesis that follows Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnography method while requiring a pre-registered, publicly available protocol — typically on PROSPERO — before the review is conducted. Pre-registration constrains post-hoc decision-making, enhances methodological transparency, and aligns qualitative synthesis with the rigour standards now expected by leading journals and funders.	A scoping review is a systematic evidence-synthesis method that maps the breadth and nature of research on a topic — identifying key concepts, evidence types, and gaps — without necessarily appraising study quality or pooling effect sizes. Developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and refined by Levac and colleagues (2010), it is particularly valuable for emerging or heterogeneous fields where a full systematic review would be premature or infeasible.