مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نمونه‌گیری هدفمند تناسبی (Proportional Purposive Sampling)	نمونه‌گیری سهمیه‌ای
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1980s–2000s	1930s
پدیدآور	Derived from purposive sampling tradition (Patton); formalized in mixed-methods literature	Developed in market research and opinion polling, notably applied by George Gallup in the 1930s
نوع	Non-probability sampling with proportional allocation	Non-probability sampling design
منبع بنیادین	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Moser, C. A., & Kalton, G. (1972). Survey Methods in Social Investigation (2nd ed.). Heinemann. ISBN: 978-0435827496
نام‌های دیگر	proportional criterion sampling, quota-proportional purposive sampling, representational purposive sampling	quota-controlled sampling, quota selection, non-probability quota sampling
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	Proportional purposive sampling combines the intentional case selection of purposive sampling with proportional allocation across subgroups. Researchers first determine how each meaningful subgroup (e.g., gender, school type, professional role) is represented in the population, then deliberately select participants from each subgroup in those same proportions — using purposive judgment to ensure each selected case is information-rich and relevant to the research question.	Quota sampling is a non-probability technique in which the researcher pre-specifies how many units to recruit from each subgroup (quota cell) defined by one or more control variables such as age, gender, or occupation. Interviewers or data collectors then use their own judgment to find and enroll participants until each cell is filled. The method guarantees the sample mirrors the population on the control variables but does not provide the randomness needed for classical statistical inference.