مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون z دو نسبتی	آزمون دقیق دوجمله‌ای
حوزه	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1900	1988
پدیدآور	Karl Pearson / classical large-sample z approximation	Classical exact test; textbook treatment by Siegel & Castellan
نوع	Parametric proportion comparison	Exact one-sample test for a proportion
منبع بنیادین	Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions (3rd ed.). Wiley.	Siegel, S. & Castellan, N. J. (1988). Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0070573574
نام‌های دیگر	z-test for proportions, two-sample proportion test, one-proportion z-test, Oran Testi — z Testi (Oranlar)	exact binomial test, binomial probability test, exact test for a proportion, Tam Binom Testi
مرتبط	4	2
خلاصه	The proportion test (z-test for proportions) is a parametric hypothesis test that compares one or two sample proportions against a reference value or each other. Grounded in the large-sample normal approximation formalized by Fleiss, Levin, and Paik (2003), it is the standard tool for binary outcome comparisons when samples are large enough for the central limit theorem to apply.	The exact binomial test checks whether the observed number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials is consistent with a pre-specified success probability p₀. Because it computes exact binomial tail probabilities rather than relying on a normal approximation, it is the gold standard for testing a proportion in small samples; this two-sided formulation follows Siegel & Castellan's classic treatment (1988).