مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مهندسی اعلان	تنظیم دقیق GPT
حوزه	متن‌کاوی	یادگیری عمیق
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Machine learning
سال پیدایش	2020 (few-shot prompting); 2022 (chain-of-thought)	2019
پدیدآور	Tom Brown et al. (GPT-3 / few-shot framing, 2020); chain-of-thought extended by Jason Wei et al. (2022)	Radford, A. et al. (OpenAI)
نوع	NLP pipeline — structured instruction design for large language models	Fine-tuning of pretrained autoregressive language models
منبع بنیادین	Brown, T. et al. (2020). Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 33, 1877-1901.	Radford, A., Wu, J., Child, R., Luan, D., Amodei, D. & Sutskever, I. (2019). Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners. OpenAI Technical Report.
نام‌های دیگر	instruction design, LLM prompting, Yönerge Mühendisliği (Prompt Engineering)	GPT İnce Ayar ve Talimat Uyarlaması, GPT fine-tuning, instruction tuning, LLM fine-tuning
مرتبط	7	5
خلاصه	Prompt engineering is the practice of crafting structured natural-language instructions — prompts — to elicit targeted outputs from large language models (LLMs). Formalised by Brown et al. (2020) in the context of GPT-3 and extended by Wei et al. (2022) with chain-of-thought prompting, it encompasses four main strategies: zero-shot, few-shot, chain-of-thought, and tree-of-thought. Rather than re-training a model, the analyst shapes the model's behaviour entirely through the design of the input text.	GPT fine-tuning adapts pretrained autoregressive language models such as GPT-2/3/4 or LLaMA — introduced in OpenAI's 2019 work by Radford and colleagues — to domain-specific data or to instruction following via reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or DPO. It is used for instruction following, domain adaptation, and generative tasks.