مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مدل رگرسیون پروبیت	روش متغیرهای ابزاری (IV) برای استنتاج علی
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصاد سلامت
خانواده	Regression model	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2018	1990s (modern applications)
پدیدآور	Greene (textbook treatment); classical discrete-choice modelling	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory
نوع	Binary discrete-choice model	Method
منبع بنیادین	Greene, W. H. (2018). Econometric Analysis (8th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0134461366	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
نام‌های دیگر	probit regression, normit model, Probit Modeli	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation
مرتبط	5	3
خلاصه	The probit model is a regression method for a binary (0/1) outcome that maps a linear index of the predictors through the standard normal cumulative distribution function to produce a probability. It is a classical discrete-choice alternative to logistic regression, developed in standard econometrics treatments such as Greene's Econometric Analysis (2018).	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.