مقایسهٔ روشها
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| آزمایش عملگرایانه چند بازو× | آزمایش تطبیقی عملگرایانه× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | طراحی آزمایش | طراحی آزمایش |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1967 (pragmatic trial concept); multi-arm extensions 1990s–2000s | 2000s–2010s (convergence period) |
| پدیدآور≠ | Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic framing); extended to multi-arm settings in clinical and health services research | Synthesized from pragmatic trial tradition (Schwartz & Lellouch, 1967) and adaptive design methodology; formalized convergence in 2000s–2010s |
| نوع≠ | Experimental design | Hybrid experimental design |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Chalkidou, K. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475. DOI ↗ | Pallmann, P., Bedding, A. W., Choodari-Oskooei, B., Dimairo, M., Flight, L., Hampson, L. V., ... & Sydes, M. R. (2018). Adaptive designs in clinical trials: why use them, and how to run and report them. BMC Medicine, 16(1), 29. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | pragmatic multi-arm trial, multi-arm pragmatic RCT, pragmatic multi-treatment experiment, PMAT | pragmatic adaptive trial, real-world adaptive trial, PAT, adaptive pragmatic RCT |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 3 |
| خلاصه≠ | A pragmatic multi-arm experiment is an experimental design that simultaneously compares three or more interventions (arms) under real-world conditions rather than tightly controlled laboratory settings. It combines the broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and effectiveness orientation of pragmatic trials with the statistical efficiency of multi-arm structures, allowing researchers to evaluate multiple treatments or treatment variants against each other or a control within a single study, minimizing the resources and time required relative to running separate pairwise trials. | A pragmatic adaptive experiment is a hybrid clinical trial design that combines the real-world generalizability of pragmatic trials with the statistical flexibility of adaptive designs. It enrolls a broad, representative patient population under routine care conditions, while using pre-specified interim analyses to modify trial parameters — such as sample size, allocation ratios, or arm selection — as outcome data accumulate. The result is a design that is both externally valid and resource-efficient. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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