مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل توان	آزمون تی نمونه‌های مستقل
حوزه	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1969 (1st ed.); 1988 (seminal 2nd ed.)	1908
پدیدآور	Jacob Cohen	Student (W. S. Gosset)
نوع	Sample size and power planning	Parametric mean comparison
منبع بنیادین	Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805802832	Student (W. S. Gosset) (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, 6(1), 1–25.
نام‌های دیگر	sample size calculation, power calculation, sensitivity analysis, a priori power analysis	two-sample t-test, unpaired t-test, Student t-test, independent groups t-test
مرتبط	5	4
خلاصه	Power analysis is a planning and evaluation technique that quantifies the probability of detecting a real effect of a given magnitude at a chosen significance level. It links four quantities — sample size, effect size, significance level (alpha), and statistical power (1 minus beta) — so that researchers can determine the sample size needed before data collection or evaluate the sensitivity of a completed study.	The independent samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that determines whether the means of two independent, unrelated groups differ significantly on a continuous outcome variable. Derived from Gosset's 1908 t-distribution, it is one of the most widely used inferential tests in social, behavioral, biomedical, and experimental sciences.