مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	روش‌های گرادیان خط‌مشی	یادگیری تقویتی عمیق
حوزه	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری عمیق
خانواده	Machine learning	Machine learning
سال پیدایش	1992	2015
پدیدآور	Ronald Williams (REINFORCE); Sutton et al. (policy gradient theorem)	Mnih, V. et al. (DQN)
نوع	Policy-based reinforcement learning	Sequential decision-making (agent–environment interaction)
منبع بنیادین	Williams, R. J. (1992). Simple statistical gradient-following algorithms for connectionist reinforcement learning. Machine Learning, 8(3–4), 229–256.	Mnih, V. et al. (2015). Human-Level Control through Deep Reinforcement Learning. Nature, 518, 529–533.
نام‌های دیگر	REINFORCE, actor-critic, policy optimization, politika gradyanı	Derin Pekiştirmeli Öğrenme (DQN / PPO / A3C), derin pekiştirmeli öğrenme, deep RL, DRL
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Policy gradient methods are reinforcement-learning algorithms that optimize a parameterized policy directly by gradient ascent on the expected return, rather than learning action-values and acting greedily. Founded on Ronald Williams' 1992 REINFORCE algorithm and the policy gradient theorem of Sutton and colleagues (2000), they naturally handle stochastic and continuous action spaces and underpin modern actor-critic and deep-RL algorithms.	Deep Reinforcement Learning combines neural networks with reinforcement learning so an agent learns by interacting with an environment, popularised by Mnih and colleagues' 2015 Nature work on human-level Atari control. Instead of learning from a fixed labelled dataset, the agent takes actions, observes rewards, and gradually shapes a policy that maximises long-run return.