مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه رویداد پنلی ارزیابی سیاست (Policy Evaluation Panel Event Study)	روش کنترل ترکیبی (SCM)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	2021	2010
پدیدآور	Callaway & Sant'Anna (2021); Borusyak, Jaravel & Spiess (2024); Sun & Abraham (2021)	Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller
نوع	Causal inference / quasi-experimental panel design	Counterfactual causal-inference model
منبع بنیادین	Callaway, B., & Sant'Anna, P. H. C. (2021). Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 200-230.	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.
نام‌های دیگر	panel event study, event-study DiD, staggered event study, difference-in-differences event study	synthetic control method, SCM, synthetic counterfactual, Sentetik Kontrol Yöntemi (SCM)
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	A panel event study is a quasi-experimental design that traces how an outcome evolves in periods before and after a policy event, using unit and time fixed effects to identify the causal effect. Widely used in economics and policy research, it tests for anticipation effects, verifies parallel pre-trends, and estimates dynamic treatment effects across post-treatment horizons — making it the standard toolkit for rigorous policy evaluation with observational panel data.	The Synthetic Control Method, introduced by Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller in 2010, builds a weighted counterfactual for a single treated unit from a pool of untreated donor units. It is widely regarded as the gold standard for evaluating large policy interventions, natural experiments, and N=1 case studies where no obvious comparison unit exists.