مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل لولای پلاستیک	تحلیل پوش‌اور	نظریه خط تسلیم
حوزه	مهندسی عمران	مهندسی عمران	مهندسی عمران
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1914–1950s (Kazinczy 1914; Baker et al. 1956)	1996	1943 (doctoral thesis, Danish); 1962 (English translation)
پدیدآور	Multiple contributors (Kazinczy, Kist, Baker, Horne, Neal)	Peter Fajfar	K. W. Johansen
نوع	Structural analysis method	Nonlinear static method for earthquake engineering	Structural analysis method (plasticity-based)
منبع بنیادین	Chen, W. F., & Sohal, A. S. (1995). Plastic Design and Second-Order Analysis of Steel Frames. Springer. ISBN: 978-0387944319	Ahi, N., Desroches, R., & Jain, A. (1996). Lateral load distribution for equivalent static analysis of buildings. Engineering Journal, 33(2), 45-54.	Johansen, K. W. (1962). Yield-Line Theory. Cement and Concrete Association, London.
نام‌های دیگر	plastic hinge method, plastic collapse analysis, limit state plastic analysis, yield hinge analysis	Static pushover, Nonlinear static analysis	yield-line analysis, yield-line method, Johansen yield-line method, plastic slab analysis
مرتبط	3	4	1
خلاصه	Plastic hinge analysis is a structural engineering method that determines the load-carrying capacity of a structure by tracking the sequential formation of plastic hinges — localised zones where a cross-section has fully yielded — until a kinematic collapse mechanism is formed. Rooted in plastic theory, it provides a more economical and realistic estimate of ultimate structural capacity than purely elastic approaches, and is widely used in the design and assessment of steel frames, reinforced concrete beams, and other ductile structural systems.	Pushover analysis is a nonlinear static method for assessing seismic structural performance. Introduced by Fajfar in 1996 as part of the N2 method, it progressively increases lateral loads on a structure until it reaches a target displacement, revealing how structures deform and yield under seismic events.	Yield Line Theory is a plastic limit-analysis method used in structural civil engineering to determine the ultimate load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete slabs. Developed by K. W. Johansen in the 1940s, it assumes that at failure the slab subdivides into rigid regions separated by lines of intense plastic rotation — called yield lines — where the reinforcement has fully yielded. The approach gives the collapse load directly and is widely used in slab design and assessment.