مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون مقدماتی پرسشنامه	پیمایش آنلاین
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Widely formalised from the 1970s-1980s	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)
پدیدآور	Systematic practice codified by Jean M. Converse and Stanley Presser	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
نوع	Survey design and validation procedure	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique
منبع بنیادین	Converse, J. M., & Presser, S. (1986). Survey Questions: Handcrafting the Standardized Questionnaire. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803925557	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
نام‌های دیگر	pre-tested survey, survey pre-testing, questionnaire pilot study, survey field test	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	A pilot-tested survey is a structured questionnaire that has been administered to a small, representative sample before the main data-collection phase. The purpose is to detect problems with wording, response options, skip logic, or timing, allowing the researcher to refine the instrument before it reaches the full sample. Pilot testing is not a separate research design; it is a quality-assurance step embedded within survey methodology that substantially reduces measurement error.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.